Another observation about Universal Services discounts is that due to the nature of what is and is not covered, there is now an incentive for schools and districts to outsource some things that they had planned to, or were in the process of deveoping in-house. An example here is LAN wiring. If you had managed, or even hoped, to have your own orgaization's electricians acquire the skills to do LAN wiring, it may no longer be as attractive, as your in-house people's wages would not be covered. If there is much of this, yet another wry alias to the Act might be "The Discount Dependency Act of 1996" because this will lessen the short term incentive to acquire expertise and skills. Personally, I've always thought that LANs were more properly financed through grants and bonds, rather than via this fund, and that was before the strings became apparent. Gene