Perhaps this has been included in previous discussions or might be in future topics that Bob has lined up, but I hope the topic isn't out of place here... As people give thought to the concept of Universal Service and how it should be defined, what services included in the definition and so forth, there is sometimes a tendency to focus on technologies with which we are aware and familiar today, or even those coming online that we're read or heard about. I see this approach as particularly narrow, especially in a field marked with such a rapid rate of innovation as telecommunications. Instead of emphasizing services or technologies that we can point to--dialtone, touchtone, ATM, ISDN, wireless, etc.--people will occasionally define their needs in terms of what they want to accomplish using technology. I think this would be something of a challenge regarding the national debate on Universal Service, but to the degree that functions can be incorporated into the definitions it would seem to provide an opportunity for a continuing evolution of how the definitions/functions could be addressed by the next wave of technological innovation (and the one after that, and so on). Jim Wiljanen wiljanen@mdenet.mde.state.mi.us