I just got e-mail access, and signing up for the Universal Service on line seminar was the first thing I've done. I hope this message works ok. While going through the messages that I received today, I noticed the comments from Jan Bolluyt and Link Shadley. Excellent points. I just wanted to pass on to participants that the issues you both raised are things that Wisconsin's Universal Service Fund Advisory Council is struggling with as they revise the first set of Universal Service Rules. Currently, Wisconsin's Public Service Commission has chosen to define education institution very narrowly. There is also significant debate over how to approach the goal of "Universal Service." Providing access to schools in some cases may take away the critical mass needed in a local community to make it profitable for a local telephone company to provide Internet access. In Wisconsin we currently have 92 phone companies. Under Wisconsin's Telecommunication's law their monopolies are protected for 5 years unless they choose to deregulate. If they deregulate they need to specify at that point in time what they intend to do for all of the schools, libraries and health care facilities in their service area. So far, Wisconsin's experience has not been good. Each phone company that has deregulated has promised the school's in its area a different level of service and discount. Combine this with the very weak Universal Service Fund rules that we have and schools are really struggling. Bill Cosh Wisconsin Association of School Boards bcosh@wasb.org