1 R. Rudolph and S. Ripley, Power Struggle: The Hundred Year War Over Electricity at 10 (1986) (hereafter "Power Struggle").

2 Power Struggle at 47.

3 Power Struggle at 46-52; D. Nye, Electrifying America at 182-83 (1990) (hereafter "Electrifying America").

4 President Hoover's comments are quoted in Power Struggle at 66.

5 President Roosevelt's speech, delivered in Portland, Oregon in September 1932, is quoted in R. Morgan, T. Riesenberg and M. Troutman, Taking Charge: A New Look at Power at 9 (1976).

6 APPA agrees with various first-round commenters, including Continental Cablevision, Inc., Comments at 14, and Metricom, Inc., Comments at 6 n.14, that the Act allows entities that provide qualifying universal services to schools and libraries to receive universal support subsidies without being designated as "eligible carriers" under Section 214(e).