I'm new to this so the reactions are derived more from experience than the specifics of this discussion. Background: manufacturer jet engines and computers; president scale company; hospital trustee; independent school trustee. The "further comments" section is incomprehensible geek talk to a newcomer. The daily digests reveal more recognizable human concerns and ambitions. For me there are disturbine threads in both. 1. We seem to be trying to impose rational social/political structure on top of an evolving growing weed-like phenomenon. By our impositionof premature structure we can easily inhibit/prohibit future constructive evolution. 2. "Universal" is a politically popular pandering term for which we can never state the costs. They always grow far beyond our beginning imaginations. 3. "Subsidies" are not. They are cost-shifting devices employed by governing bodies to assert influence far beyond that which would be allowed if anyone really knew the total cost before the system floundered in its excess. I will simply recognize the health care "system" of this country as example without feeling any need to justify analogy. With apologies for not clipping the sources of these clips from the digests, I applaud Wisconsin for trying to inhibit the cost-shift: "discounts for schools were "meaningless." The reason he gave, was that in states like Wisconsin, state law prohibits telecommunications companies from charging different rates for the same service to different customers." My recognition of cost-shift rather than subsidy is not a unique insight of mine: "As I'm sure you are aware, the Universal Service legislation establishes a Universal Service Fund from which telecommunication carriers will be able to be made whole for whatever discounts are legislated. The fund will be generated by a surcharge on customers telecommunication bills." When we know this going in, why do we allow ourselves to overindulge? Something for nothing? Everything for everybody? Focus? Specialize? -- ----------------------------------------------------------- K.F.Hammer Associates Ken Hammer management consultations St. Johnsbury, VT 05819 ----------------------------------------------------------- *MR/2 ICE Tag: Bad or missing mouse driver. Spank the cat? (Y/n)