Just a quick reply to Kevin Rocap's comment on how the most advanced schools could benefit even more depending on how universal service is structured, and the concerns over equity that he raised. Excellent point!! This is exactly what has resulted in Wisconsin. The way Wisconsin's Universal Service rules are structured they actually increase the desparity between the "technology haves" and the "technology have nots". There is no universal service funding available in Wisconsin to bring advanced telecommunications services to schools that do not have them. The only funds available are a 3-tiered structure set up that offers a discount for the purchase of new services. Schools that were ahead of the curve and already have made the committments to such investments are left out in the cold. They receive nothing, and are not eligible for the discounts. Even worse, schools that do not have the infrastructure can not benefit from Wisconsin's Universal Service program, because they can not even access the discount since they can't get the service. Bill Cosh Wisconsin Association of School Boards